Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cell transplantation on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)-like lesions between stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and quality and quantity culture of mononuclear cells (QQ-MNCs).
Materials and Methods: Cyclophosphamide (CY) and zoledronic acid (ZA) combination therapy (CY/ZA) was performed for 7 weeks to create high-prevalence of BRONJ-like lesions using female C57B6/J mice. Tooth extraction of both maxillary first molars and euthanasia were performed at 3 weeks after the onset of drug therapy and 4 weeks after tooth extraction, respectively. Non-cultured SVF cells in inguinal adipose tissue and QQ-MNCs derived from mononuclear cells derived from peripheral blood were transplanted into mice just after tooth extraction. Euthanasia was conducted at 72 hours and 2 weeks after cell transplantation. Micro computed tomographic analysis, histological and immunohistochemical analyses, and qPCR analysis were carried out using maxillae and long bones.
Results: BRONJ-like lesions following tooth extraction were created in mice treated with CY/ZA combination therapy. Both cell-based therapy significantly enhanced soft tissue wound healing of tooth extraction sockets. SVF cell therapy significantly promoted osseous wound healing when compared with QQ-MNC therapy. However, QQ-MNC therapy significantly enhanced soft tissue wound healing when compared with SVF cell therapy. Significant increased IL-10 in SVF cell-therapy and decreased IL-1β in QQ-MNC therapy were noted.
Conclusions: Wound healing processes were quite distinct between SVF cell therapy and QQ-MNC therapy. Molecular mechanisms of tooth extraction socket healing may be differently affected by each cell-based therapy.